腾讯云轻量的快照只能登录账号手动创建，这样无疑很繁琐，长此以往的话是不可持续的。但是不定期做快照又总是感觉没有什么安全感，所以从网上找了一个python脚本用来定期做快照，经过自己的测试确实可行，所以记录一下。
项目地址：https://github.com/nebulabox/tecent_cloud_snapshot
腾讯云轻量定时创建快照步骤：
在宝塔中创建一个python文件，复制下面的代码粘贴到该文件中保存即可。注意要修改SecretId、SecretKey、region 、InstanceIds为自己的，InstanceIds是实例id，可以在轻量服务器的详情页查看。
然后在宝塔的计划任务中创建一个计划任务，任务类型为shell脚本，任务名称随意，自己设置定时运行的周期，脚本内容为：
python /www/kuaizhai.py #比如我创建文件在/www目录下
计划任务创建完成后执行一次，看看日志没有错误，在查看一下腾讯云后台轻量服务器的快照页面，如果有新的快照创建，就说明没有问题。
容易遇到的几个问题：
1、运行这个脚本需要安装对应的模块，我们需要ssh登录服务器运行下面代码安装腾讯云api库，
pip install -i https://mirrors.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python
2、如果脚本执行的时候还提示缺少缺少其他模块，只需要在ssh下运行pip install 模块名安装即可。
pip install 模块名
3、如果脚本还运行是还遇到其他错误提示，可以尝试创建任务的时候使用python3来运行脚本，比如：
python3 /www/kuaizhai.py
脚本内容：
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*-coding:UTF-8-*-
"""
腾讯云轻量云自动快照备份
腾讯云API库安装
pip install -i https://mirrors.tencent.com/pypi/simple/ --upgrade tencentcloud-sdk-python
腾讯云账号ID获取地址
https://console.cloud.tencent.com/cam/capi
实例地域
"ap-beijing", "ap-chengdu", "ap-guangzhou", "ap-hongkong", "ap-nanjing", "ap-shanghai", "ap-singapore", "ap-tokyo", "eu-moscow", "na-siliconvalley"
"""
import json
import os
import time
import pytz
from datetime import datetime
from tencentcloud.common import credential
from tencentcloud.common.profile.client_profile import ClientProfile
from tencentcloud.common.profile.http_profile import HttpProfile
from tencentcloud.common.exception.tencent_cloud_sdk_exception import TencentCloudSDKException
from tencentcloud.lighthouse.v20200324 import lighthouse_client, models
SecretId = "xxxxx"
SecretKey = "xxxx"
region = "ap-shanghai"
InstanceIds = "xxxx"
def CreateInstanceSnapshot(SecretId, SecretKey, region, InstanceIds):
"""
创建快照
"""
try:
cred = credential.Credential(SecretId, SecretKey)
httpProfile = HttpProfile()
httpProfile.endpoint = "lighthouse.tencentcloudapi.com"
clientProfile = ClientProfile()
clientProfile.httpProfile = httpProfile
client = lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient(cred, region, clientProfile)
req = models.CreateInstanceSnapshotRequest()
params = {
"InstanceId": InstanceIds
}
req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))
resp = client.CreateInstanceSnapshot(req)
resp_re = json.loads(resp.to_json_string())
SnapshotId = resp_re['SnapshotId']
print('轻量云快照备份完成，快照ID为：{0},程序5秒钟后关闭'.format(SnapshotId))
time.sleep(5)
exit()
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
print(err)
return False
def DeleteSnapshots(SecretId, SecretKey, SnapshotId, region):
"""
删除快照
"""
try:
cred = credential.Credential(SecretId, SecretKey)
httpProfile = HttpProfile()
httpProfile.endpoint = "lighthouse.tencentcloudapi.com"
clientProfile = ClientProfile()
clientProfile.httpProfile = httpProfile
client = lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient(cred, region, clientProfile)
req = models.DeleteSnapshotsRequest()
params = {
"SnapshotIds": [SnapshotId]
}
req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))
resp = client.DeleteSnapshots(req)
return json.loads(resp.to_json_string())
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
print(err)
return False
def get_info(SecretId, SecretKey, region, InstanceIds):
try:
cred = credential.Credential(SecretId, SecretKey)
httpProfile = HttpProfile()
httpProfile.endpoint = "lighthouse.tencentcloudapi.com"
clientProfile = ClientProfile()
clientProfile.httpProfile = httpProfile
client = lighthouse_client.LighthouseClient(cred, region, clientProfile)
req = models.DescribeSnapshotsRequest()
params = {
}
req.from_json_string(json.dumps(params))
resp = client.DescribeSnapshots(req)
return json.loads((resp.to_json_string()))
except TencentCloudSDKException as err:
print(err)
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
nowtime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
print('---------' + str(nowtime) + ' 程序开始执行------------')
get_rest = get_info(SecretId, SecretKey, region, InstanceIds)
if get_rest != False:
TotalCount = get_rest['TotalCount'] # 快照数
if TotalCount < 2: # 直接备份
CreateInstanceSnapshot(SecretId, SecretKey, region, InstanceIds)
elif TotalCount == 2:
# 删除一个备份。该脚本每天执行一次。
# 最旧的快照(索引为1)如果超过3天，删除这个。否则删除最新的快照。
oldcreate=get_rest['SnapshotSet'][1]['CreatedTime'] # '2022-09-02T07:27:23Z'
olddt=datetime.strptime(oldcreate, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ') # UTC
olddt=pytz.utc.localize(olddt)
utc_now = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.utcnow())
diff=utc_now-olddt
delpos=0 # 最新的一个
if diff.days >= 3 :
print('删除3天前的备份')
delpos=1 # 删除最久的一个
else :
print('删除最近的备份')
SnapshotState = (get_rest['SnapshotSet'][delpos]['SnapshotState'])
if SnapshotState == 'NORMAL':
SnapshotId = (get_rest['SnapshotSet'][delpos]['SnapshotId'])
DeleteSnapshots_re = DeleteSnapshots(SecretId, SecretKey, SnapshotId, region)
if DeleteSnapshots_re != False:
print('已经删除完成快照ID为{0}的快照，现在准备开始备份实例'.format(SnapshotId))
CreateInstanceSnapshot(SecretId, SecretKey, region, InstanceIds)
else:
print('当前快照数量存在问题，登录腾讯云后台检查删除多余的快照')
time.sleep(5)
exit()
